25-mavzu. Davriy jarayonlar. Garmonik tebranishlar kinematikasi
Davriy jarayonlar. Garmonik tebranishlar kinematikasiga oid masalalar
25-mavzu: Davriy jarayonlar. Garmonik tebranishlar masalalari
1-masala: Garmonik tebranish parametrlari
x = A sin ω(t + τ) tenglama bilan berilgan tebranishning davri, chastotasi va boshlang'ich fazasi aniqlansin.
Asosiy formula: x = A sin(ωt + φ₀)
2-masala: Boshlang'ich faza va vektorli diagramma
x(t) = A cos(ωt + φ) qonun bo'yicha tebranayotgan nuqta uchun boshlang'ich fazani toping.
Asosiy formula: φ = arccos(x(0)/A)
3-masala: Maksimal tezlik va tezlanish
Amplitudasi A, davri T bo'lgan garmonik tebranayotgan nuqtaning maksimal tezlik va tezlanishini toping.
Formulalar:
vmax = Aω = A(2π/T)
amax = Aω² = A(2π/T)²
vmax = Aω = A(2π/T)
amax = Aω² = A(2π/T)²
4-masala: Faza farqi va superpozitsiya
Ikki garmonik tebranish x₁ = A₁sin(ωt + φ₁) va x₂ = A₂sin(ωt + φ₂) yig'indisini toping.
Formulalar:
A = √(A₁² + A₂² + 2A₁A₂cos(φ₂ - φ₁))
φ = arctg((A₁sinφ₁ + A₂sinφ₂)/(A₁cosφ₁ + A₂cosφ₂))
A = √(A₁² + A₂² + 2A₁A₂cos(φ₂ - φ₁))
φ = arctg((A₁sinφ₁ + A₂sinφ₂)/(A₁cosφ₁ + A₂cosφ₂))
5-masala: Tezlik va tezlanish funksiyalari
x = A sin(ωt + φ) tebranish uchun tezlik va tezlanish tenglamalarini chizing.
Formulalar:
v(t) = Aω cos(ωt + φ)
a(t) = -Aω² sin(ωt + φ)
v(t) = Aω cos(ωt + φ)
a(t) = -Aω² sin(ωt + φ)
6-masala: Energiya taqsimoti
Garmonik tebranishda kinetik va potensial energiyalarning vaqtga bog'liligini toping.
Formulalar:
Ek = ½mv² = ½mA²ω²cos²(ωt + φ)
Ep = ½kx² = ½mω²A²sin²(ωt + φ)
E = Ek + Ep = ½mA²ω²
Ek = ½mv² = ½mA²ω²cos²(ωt + φ)
Ep = ½kx² = ½mω²A²sin²(ωt + φ)
E = Ek + Ep = ½mA²ω²